| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
A B S T R A C T Background and Aim: Today, social capital is used to respond to many organizational issues, and with its increase, we can witness a serious decrease in the level of community administration costs and operational costs of organizations. This research aims to evaluate the effect of social capital on smuggling. Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of survey type. The statistical population of the research is the residents of the border areas and the experts of the anti-trafficking headquarters. The sampling method in the resident's section is available sampling (154 people) and in the expert's section, it is targeted (38 people). The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed before implementation. The structural equation model (multivariate analysis) was used to analyze the data. Results: The findings show that the regression weights in both models are greater than 0.40 and the critical ratios (t-value) are significant at the P<0.001 level, therefore social capital is a structural social capital with a coefficient of 0.6540. Communication with a coefficient of 0.589 and social cognitive capital with a coefficient of 0.409 affect preventing goods smuggling in border areas. Conclusion: The research results show that the phenomenon of smuggling can be prevented by strengthening social capital. Therefore, the police can predict the prevention of goods smuggling by strengthening the structural, cognitive and communication social capital in the border areas. Extended Abstract Introduction Due to being located in mountainous and desert areas, remoteness and marginalization, population dispersion and unfavourable climatic conditions, border areas have been the cause of many problems and problems, which provide the basis for problems and disturbances such as migration, goods, etc. slow It has been presented that in addition to the destructive effect of security on the border provinces, unfortunately, it also has side effects throughout the country. The main roots of the problems that arise inside the country should be sought at the borders because the entry and exit of any agent and goods that disrupt government systems are done through the borders. The phenomenon of smuggling of goods in our country, in addition to the effects of the bad economy, is an important economic and social challenge. Today, this phenomenon is a serious threat to free trade and imposes a lot of costs on the economic body of the country. On the other hand, in addition to the economic consequences, from the cultural aspect, the weakening of national ties, the widespread spread of foreign culture inside, the reduction of consumer nationalism, cultural self-loss, and the like can be mentioned as other consequences of this phenomenon. In the meantime, one of the tools that activists use to achieve their goals in society is social relations, considering the role of non-governmental organizations as intermediaries between the government and the people, as well as their specialized activities, we can expect the expansion of public participation as a symbol. Social capital is of particular importance for creating attitudes that prevent them from trafficking and crime, in other words, social capital plays a vital role in economic development in various ways, such as preventing criminal behaviour such as trafficking. In addition, social capital in the course of the development of a country, along with all types of capital (natural, human, material) is considered as an input and output of development and has different dimensions. Considering the important role of social capital and its capacities in controlling the smuggling of goods, the necessity of the present study becomes more clear. The innovation of the current research is that it aims to investigate the role of social capital in preventing goods smuggling in border areas (3 border provinces in the west of the country) using the opinions of experts and residents of those areas. Methodology This research is based on a practical purpose and based on a survey descriptive research method. The statistical population includes the residents of the border areas (which have the largest volume of goods smuggling) and experts in the field of social security and fighting against goods smuggling in the headquarters of fighting against goods smuggling in the cities of the western region of the country. The sampling method in the community section of residents is available sampling (154 people) and in the experts section it is targeted (38 people) whose opinions are made using a researcher-made questionnaire, whose content validity and reliability are determined through Cronbach's alpha (0/981) is approved and collected. The source of this questionnaire was three cognitive, structural and relational components of social capital (Ghoshal and Nahapit 1998 model). To analyze the data, the structural equation model or SEM for short has been used. Results and discussion The findings show the positive effect of social capital in preventing the smuggling of goods, which has been approved by the participants; Also, the research's three hypotheses of strengthening structural, cognitive and communication social capital have a positive effect in preventing the phenomenon of trafficking. According to the findings, the role of social capital in the structural, cognitive and communication dimensions in the prevention of goods smuggling has been confirmed to a high degree in the researched border areas by both people and experts and the regression weights in each The two investigated models have values greater than 0.40 and the critical ratios (t-value) are significant at the P<0.001 level. Therefore, structural social capital with a coefficient of 0.6540, relational social capital with a coefficient of 0.589, and cognitive social capital with a coefficient of 0.409 affect preventing goods smuggling in border areas. Conclusion Social capital has been mentioned in various economic and social fields, and in modern society, it is considered as a kind of cure for all problems. It is a multifaceted and essentially economic problem, which in a pathological view is the result of several factors in the economic, cultural, etc. fields, but among these, the key role of social capital in preventing and fighting against smuggling is very important. The results of the research show that social capital has a significant effect on preventing the phenomenon of smuggling. Therefore, by strengthening the structural, cognitive and communication social capital in the border areas, the police can predict the prevention of goods smuggling. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. |