| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
A B S T R A C T Background and Aim: The results of development planning show that the goals of regional planning including achieving sustainable development, regional balance, appropriate distribution of activities and maximum use of environmental capabilities have not been achieved. The current research was conducted to evaluate the challenges affecting the change of the settlement pattern and its consequences on the sustainable development structure of the border areas. Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical and exploratory. Collection methods are based on surveys and interviews. The statistical population of citizens of Urmia metropolis and the sampling method is cluster sampling. To analyze the results, Pearson's correlation coefficient, single-sample T, analysis of variance, Sheffe's post hoc test and structural equations were used. Results: According to the results, threats to regional water resources, instability of ecological resources, lack of a culture of participation in planning, funding and management of development and continuation of heating will be the 4 main challenges affecting the settlement pattern. According to the results, there is a significant relationship between the amount of changes in the settlement pattern and the level of sustainable development. It is positive and significant in the context of direct intervention and the comprehensive field with correlation coefficients of 0.894 and 0.761 respectively. Still, in the context of the comprehensive field, it is negative and significant with a coefficient of -0.347. Conclusion: The level of sustainable development in the two contexts of the intervention and inclusive areas is lower than the criterion (70), but the immediate area is higher than the criterion value. According to the results of the ANOVA test, the significance level of the urban context variable and its three components (sig<0.05) has a significant difference between the challenges and its components on the sustainable development of the three city contexts. Extended abstract Introduction In recent decades, the model of sustainable development in the border areas of Iran has increasingly faced many challenges. Although natural factors are known as the most important factors in the geographical distribution of Iran's population, economic, social and political conditions also play an effective role in this field. Based on theoretical and empirical studies in different countries that have diversity and complexity in border regions, the regional imbalance between border regions and central regions is pronounced. Due to the weak security and population maintenance (population stabilization) in the border areas, this excessive population increase has created a very complex horizon for the future of the marginal areas. Studies show that in some border regions of West Azerbaijan, in terms of ecological homogeneity, social characteristics and ethnic affinities with the border people on the other side of the borders, on the one hand, and the lack of a comprehensive strategy in the national development programs, on the other hand, has continuously motivated many informal movements. And the unwanted exchanges, displacement and transfer of the population have been in the form of mass migrations to big cities. The negative effects of these currents on the country's economic and commercial affairs, structural chaos and insecurity, and instability of the population in the border areas of the province especially in the metropolis of Urmia are visible. The existence of such differences and regional imbalances has left a major impact on the development process of the Urmia metropolis, especially in terms of changing the settlement pattern and its effects on the structure of sustainable development. Methodology This research is applied in terms of purpose and is analytical and exploratory. The collection methods are based on documentary and library studies, surveys and interviews. At first, by reviewing the most important research related to the challenges of sustainable development of border areas and research literature, 43 effective indicators were extracted. The statistical population includes 400 citizens of the Urmia metropolis, which was used by mixed (cluster) sampling method. This research, for field studies, after posing questions and using a researcher-made questionnaire, has 6 structural dimensions, which examine five subscales: social, institutional, environmental, physical-spatial, and economic, and it is organized into 31 items. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by exploratory factor analysis and its reliability was calculated as 0.811. To evaluate its validity, 13 experts confirmed and reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha test of 0.836. The questionnaire has 31 items Pearson's correlation coefficient, single-sample T, and analysis of variance, Sheffe's post hoc test and structural equations were used for inferential analysis. Results and Discussion Among the 43 indicators studied, T values, only 13 indicators have a higher or equal value (no significant difference) than the ideal values of the test. In other words, the metropolis of Urmia is in a stable state in terms of the mentioned indicators, and in other cases (most of the indicators) it is in an unstable state. According to the results of the Pearson correlation coefficient, there is a significant relationship between the number of changes in the housing pattern and the level of sustainable development in all three contexts of the intervention area, immediate and comprehensive in Urmia city. However, this relationship is positive and significant in the context of direct intervention and inclusive field with correlation coefficients of 0.894 and 0.761, respectively. Still, in the context of intervention, it is negative and significant with a correlation coefficient of -0.347. The results of Pearson's correlation coefficient show that there is no significant relationship between the accommodation pattern index and the status of the intervention area and the immediate area, but in the context of the comprehensive area, there is a negative and significant relationship with the correlation coefficient of -0.215. According to the results of Shefeh's follow-up test, the index of sustainable development in the context of the intervention and inclusive domain has a better situation than the context of the immediate domain, and the context of the immediate domain has a higher level of sustainability than the context of the inclusive domain. Conclusion The evaluation of the development process of the border metropolis of Urmia and the explanation of its components with the help of sustainable development and the participation of institutional and social factors have not been done in any way. Also, the development strategy with the institutional and active participation approach for Iran has not been designed and implemented at the national level. The lack of a suitable sustainable development partnership infrastructure has led to the formation of inconsistent behaviours, attitudes and speeches in the field of border management at the national level and has created contradictory and confused images of Iran's borders in the minds. Urmia is one of the most important cities in Iran due to its development capabilities. However, due to many reasons, the development of the population and settlement in the province has grown very unbalanced, which can play an essential role in this field of infrastructure and the form of sustainable development of the city. Since the correct management of the sustainable development of the city is one of the most important challenges, the lack of effective efforts to develop a codified plan to achieve management strategies has caused Urmia City, in addition to the appropriate potential, to not be able to benefit optimally from this management. Have a strategy in the accommodation and activity sector. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. |